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Code of National Law · Federal Republic of Germany
Bundesrecht
National Policy
55 statutes · 17 titles
last enacted 2013
average shown on
country page ↗
Economic
Centrist
-0.44
Social
Moderate
+0.44
code
record
Titles
Taxation
+0.1
Economic
-1.0
Education
-3.0
Environment
+2.0
Governance
+2.0
Healthcare
-2.5
Infrastructure
-2.3
Defense
+1.5
Foreign Policy
-1.7
Immigration
+1.3
Media & Information
+3.0
Law & Justice
+3.0
Social
-1.5
Agriculture
-3.0
Technology
-3.0
Trade & Tariffs
—
Labor
+3.0
Title I — Taxation
7 statutes
leans centrist +0.1
▾
Statutory Income Tax Act
— 35%
enacted 1998 · Jun 15 · per Median Household Income and Tax Relief Act of 2027
↑
Small Businesses
↑
~Median Income
↓
~Poverty Rate
↑
~GDP Growth
↑
~Income Inequality
Economic
Center-Right
Statutory Solidarity Surcharge Act
— 7.5%
enacted 2002 · Jun 22 · per Surcharge Reform Act
↓
Small Businesses
↑
~eastWestConvergence
↓
~Median Income
↓
~Income Inequality
Economic
Lean Left
Statutory VAT Act
— 10%
enacted 2006 · Jun 30 · per Lax Tax Act
↓
Small Businesses
↓
~Cost of Living
↑
~GDP Growth
↓
~Poverty Rate
Economic
Lean Left
Statutory Corporate Tax Act
— 5%
enacted 1995 · Jun 9 · per Abolition of National Corporation Taxes Act
↑
Small Businesses
↑
~GDP Growth
↑
~mittelstandHealth
Economic
Right
Foreign Corporate Parity Act
— 5%
enacted 2000 · Jun 17 · per New century, new tax rates!
↑
Small Businesses
↓
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
↓
~tradeBalance
↑
~GDP Growth
Economic
Right
Statutory Social Insurance Act
— 20%
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Statutory Social Insurance Act (Default)
Economic
Centrist
Statutory Tariff Act
— 3%
enacted 2006 · Jun 30 · per Lax Tax Act
↓
Small Businesses
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
↑
~tradeBalance
↓
~Cost of Living
↓
~euCohesionScore
Economic
Lean Left
Title II — Economic
4 statutes
leans center-left -1.0
▾
Federal Fiscal Stimulus Act
— Sondervermögen Infrastructure Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Federal Fiscal Stimulus Act (Default)
↑
~GDP Growth
↓
~Unemployment
Economic
Center-Left
−€4,991,709,997/yr
Mittelstand Support Act
— Mittelstand Investment Act
enacted 2002 · Jun 22 · per SME Support Act
↑
~mittelstandHealth
↑
~Small Businesses
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
↑
~productivityGrowth
Economic
Center-Left
−€3,327,806,665/yr
Subsidy
— +7.5% margin subsidy
active subsidy · National | Economy-wide
+7.5% margin active
Subsidy
— +7.5% margin subsidy
active subsidy · National | Healthcare sector
+7.5% margin active
Title III — Education
4 statutes
leans liberal -3.0
▾
Federal Education Funding Act
— Federal Education Expansion Act
enacted 2007 · Jul 3 · per Big Beautiful Education Reform Act
↑
~Education Spending
↑
~Social Mobility
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€12,477,147,169/yr
University Tuition and BAföG Act
— BAföG Expansion Act
enacted 2007 · Jul 3 · per Big Beautiful Education Reform Act
↑
~Social Mobility
↑
~Workforce Skills
↑
~Literacy Rate
↑
~Median Income
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€12,477,147,169/yr
Academic System Reform Act
— Schooling Integration Act
enacted 2007 · Jul 3 · per Big Beautiful Education Reform Act
↑
~Test Performance
↑
~Social Mobility
↑
~academicPressure
↑
~Workforce Skills
Social
Liberal
Research and Science Funding Act
— Research and Science Funding Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Research and Science Funding Act (Default)
Economic
Centrist
−€4,991,709,997/yr
Title IV — Environment
4 statutes
leans lean right +2.0
▾
Renewable Energy Targets Act
— Renewable Energy Targets Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Renewable Energy Targets Act (Default)
Economic
Center-Right
Social
Moderate
−€4,170,851,020/yr
Nuclear Energy Policy Act
— Reactor Restart Authorization Act
enacted 2000 · Jun 18 · per Nuclear Energy Act
↓
~nuclearSafety
↓
~Renewable Energy
↑
~Carbon Emissions
↑
~Grid Reliability
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
−€510,263,689/yr
National Carbon Pricing Act
— Reduced Carbon Pricing Act
standing law
↓
~Carbon Emissions
↓
~energyTransitionProgress
↑
~Cost of Living
↑
~mittelstandHealth
↑
~economicFreedom
Economic
Center-Right
Federal Climate Protection Act
— Climate Targets Reduction Act
enacted 2000 · Jun 19 · per Economic Freedom Act
↓
~Carbon Emissions
↓
~Climate Resilience
↑
~GDP Growth
Economic
Right
Title V — Governance
3 statutes
leans lean trad +2.0
▾
Constitutional Federalism Reform Act
— Federal Authority Restoration Act
enacted 2010 · Jul 7 · per United State Reform Act
↓
~devolutionSatisfaction
↓
~Transparency
Social
Traditional
Federal Electoral Reform Act
— Majoritarian Reform Act
enacted 1995 · Jun 9 · per Election Integrity Act
↓
~Voter Turnout
↓
~Public Trust
↓
~Transparency
↓
~Media Polarization
Social
Traditional
Federal Government Ethics Act
— Federal Government Ethics Act
standing law
Social
Moderate
Title VI — Healthcare
4 statutes
leans left -2.5
▾
Health Insurance Structure Act
— GKV Strengthening Act
enacted 2013 · Jul 13 · per Insurance Reform Act
↓
~Uninsured Rate
↓
~Poverty Rate
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€159,738,774,416/yr
Elder Care Framework Act
— Care Worker Compensation Act
enacted 2009 · Jul 5 · per Deutsches Gesundheitswesen Act
↑
~elderCareQuality
↑
~Life Expectancy
↑
~mentalHealthAccess
↑
~Social Cohesion
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€19,967,346,802/yr
Mental Health Care Act
— Mental Health Services Improvement Act
enacted 2001 · Jun 21 · per National Healthcare Revamp Act
↑
~mentalHealthAccess
↑
~workLifeBalance
↑
~Social Cohesion
↑
~Preventable Mortality
Economic
Center-Left
Social
Center-Liberal
−€13,728,773,217/yr
Public Health Service Strengthening Act
— RKI Expansion Act
enacted 1997 · Jun 13 · per Outbreak Prevention Act
↑
~Health Preparedness
↓
~Air Quality
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€19,967,346,802/yr
Title VII — Infrastructure
3 statutes
leans lean left -2.3
▾
Federal Rail Transport Act
— Deutschland-Takt Expansion Act
enacted 1996 · Jun 10 · per MGGA II
↑
~transportEfficiency
↑
~Carbon Emissions
↑
~ruralRevitalization
↑
~GDP Growth
Economic
Left
−€11,092,688,883/yr
Digital Infrastructure Expansion Act
— Glasfaser Expansion Act
enacted 2006 · Jun 30 · per Broadband Rollout Act
↑
~Broadband Access
↑
~ruralRevitalization
↑
~rdIntensity
Economic
Left
−€11,092,688,883/yr
Federal Housing Construction Act
— Tenant Protection and Construction Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Federal Housing Construction Act (Default)
↑
~wohnungsBauRate
↓
~housingAffordability
↓
~Homelessness
↓
~Income Inequality
Economic
Center-Left
Social
Moderate
−€6,100,978,886/yr
Title VIII — Defense
4 statutes
leans lean trad +1.5
▾
Bundeswehr Funding Act
— Sondervermögen Modernization Act
enacted 2013 · Jul 13 · per Maximale-Bundeswehr-Investitionsgesetz
↓
~GDP Growth
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
Economic
Left
Social
Traditional
−€9,983,419,995/yr
Defense Posture Act
— Power Projection Act
enacted 1997 · Jun 13 · per German Cyber & Military Strengthening Act
↑
~bundeswehrReadiness
↓
~Social Cohesion
↑
~euCohesionScore
↓
~foreignWorkerIntegration
↑
~militaryReadiness
Social
Traditional
−€510,263,689/yr
IT Security Act
— Information Security Strengthening Act
enacted 2001 · Jun 20 · per National Cyber Security Act
↑
~Safety Confidence
↑
~Transparency
↑
~Broadband Access
↑
~Disinfo Risk
Economic
Center-Left
Social
Center-Liberal
−€6,655,613,330/yr
Conscription and Recruitment Act
— Voluntary Service Year Expansion Act
enacted 2004 · Jun 26 · per Volunteer Service Act
↑
~militaryReadiness
↑
~nationalPride
↓
~civilLiberties
Economic
Center-Right
Social
Center-Trad
−€4,614,558,575/yr
Title IX — Foreign Policy
3 statutes
leans lean left -1.7
▾
European Integration Policy Act
— EU Integration Deepening Act
enacted 1999 · Jun 16 · per German-EU Foreign Policy Act II
↑
~euCohesionScore
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
↑
~foreignWorkerIntegration
Economic
Center-Left
Social
Center-Liberal
−€3,793,699,598/yr
Federal Foreign Aid and Diplomacy Act
— Diplomacy and Aid Investment Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Federal Foreign Aid and Diplomacy Act (Default)
↑
~foodSecurity
↑
~euCohesionScore
↑
~foreignWorkerIntegration
↑
~Public Trust
Economic
Center-Left
−€3,771,514,220/yr
Federal Trade Agreements Position Act
— Comprehensive Trade Promotion Act
enacted 1999 · Jun 16 · per German-EU Foreign Policy Act II
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
↑
~GDP Growth
↑
~foreignWorkerIntegration
↑
~Carbon Emissions
Economic
Left
Title X — Immigration
3 statutes
leans center-right +1.3
▾
Skilled Immigration Framework Act
— Skilled Immigration Tightening Act
enacted 2002 · Jun 22 · per Skilled Immigrants Only Act
↓
~Migration Rate
↓
~GDP Growth
↑
~Unemployment
↑
~Social Cohesion
Economic
Center-Right
Social
Center-Trad
Federal Asylum Policy Act
— Fortified Border Asylum Act
enacted 2002 · Jun 22 · per Skilled Immigrants Only Act
↓
~Migration Rate
↓
~foreignWorkerIntegration
↑
~Social Cohesion
↑
~Poverty Rate
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
Federal Integration Programs Act
— Federal Integration Programs Act
enacted 1991 · Jun 4 · per Federal Integration Programs Act (Default)
Economic
Centrist
Social
Moderate
−€5,554,090,589/yr
Title 11 — Media & Information
2 statutes
leans right +3.0
▾
Federal Public Broadcasting Act
— Public Broadcasting Reduction Act
enacted 2010 · Jul 7 · per Informational Securities Act
↓
~Press Freedom
↓
~Media Polarization
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
−€421,522,178/yr
Federal Press Freedom Act
— Media Regulation Strengthening Act
enacted 2010 · Jul 7 · per Informational Securities Act
↓
~Press Freedom
↓
~Transparency
↑
~nationalPride
Social
Traditional
Title 12 — Law & Justice
3 statutes
leans right +3.0
▾
Federal Policing and Public Safety Act
— Hardened Security Act
enacted 2004 · Jun 25 · per Public Safety Reform Act
↓
~Safety Confidence
↓
~Crime Rate
↓
~Violent Crime
↑
~Transparency
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
Federal Criminal Justice Reform Act
— Hardline Justice Act
enacted 2004 · Jun 25 · per Public Safety Reform Act
↓
~Safety Confidence
↓
~Recidivism
↓
~Incarceration
↓
~Corruption
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
Federal Constitutional Protection Act
— Expanded Intelligence Act
enacted 2004 · Jun 25 · per Public Safety Reform Act
↑
~Safety Confidence
↓
~Transparency
↓
~Public Trust
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
Title 13 — Social
4 statutes
leans lean liberal -1.5
▾
Federal Pension System Act
— Pension Privatization Act
enacted 1998 · Jun 15 · per Private Pension Act
↓
~rentenStabilitaet
↑
~Poverty Rate
↑
~laborParticipation
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional
Federal Family Policy Act
— Family Expansion Act
enacted 1996 · Jun 10 · per Labour Participation Act
↑
~kitaCoverage
↑
~birthRate
↑
~genderEquality
↑
~Social Mobility
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€16,642,715,111/yr
Bürgergeld and Unemployment Benefits Act
— Bürgergeld Plus Act
enacted 2012 · Jul 11 · per UBI Act
↓
~Poverty Rate
↓
~Income Inequality
↑
~Social Cohesion
↓
~laborParticipation
Economic
Left
Social
Liberal
−€16,642,715,111/yr
Federal Gender Equality Act
— Comprehensive Equality Mandate Act
enacted 1996 · Jun 10 · per Labour Participation Act
↑
~genderEquality
↓
~Income Inequality
↑
~laborParticipation
↑
~kitaCoverage
Social
Liberal
−€16,642,715,111/yr
Title 14 — Agriculture
3 statutes
leans left -3.0
▾
Federal Agricultural Subsidies Act
— Agricultural Expansion Act
enacted 2003 · Jun 24 · per Agricultural Independence Act
↑
~foodSecurity
↑
~ruralRevitalization
↑
~mittelstandHealth
↓
~Carbon Emissions
Economic
Left
−€6,655,613,330/yr
Federal Food Security Act
— Food Reserve Expansion Act
enacted 2003 · Jun 24 · per Agricultural Independence Act
↑
~foodSecurity
↑
~ruralRevitalization
↑
~Social Cohesion
Economic
Left
−€6,655,613,330/yr
Federal Animal Welfare Act
— Livestock Liberalization Act
enacted 2010 · Jul 9 · per Free the Economy Act
↑
~foodSecurity
↑
~ruralRevitalization
↓
~Social Cohesion
↓
~Carbon Emissions
Social
Traditional
Title 15 — Technology
2 statutes
leans left -3.0
▾
Federal AI and Robotics Strategy Act
— AI Strategy Expansion Act
enacted 2000 · Jun 19 · per Technology Governance Act
↑
~roboticsAdoption
↑
~rdIntensity
↑
~productivityGrowth
↑
~manufacturingCompetitiveness
Economic
Left
−€8,319,516,662/yr
Federal Digital Governance Act
— OZG Expansion Act
enacted 2000 · Jun 19 · per Technology Governance Act
↑
~Transparency
↑
~Public Trust
↑
~productivityGrowth
Economic
Left
−€8,319,516,662/yr
Title 16 — Trade & Tariffs
3 statutes
no axis positions
▾
Tariff
— 100% tariff
active tariff · Imports from United Kingdom
100% active
Tariff
— 100% tariff
active tariff · Imports from United States
100% active
Tariff
— 0% tariff
active tariff · All other imports
0% active
Title 17 — Labor
2 statutes
leans traditional +3.0
▾
Statutory Minimum Wage Act
— Statutory Minimum Wage Act
enacted 2004 · Jun 26 · per Poverty Relief Act
Economic
Centrist
Labor Market Reform Act
— Hartz Reform Restoration Act
enacted 2002 · Jun 22 · per SME Support Act
↓
~coDeterminationQuality
↓
~workLifeBalance
↑
~Income Inequality
↑
~laborParticipation
↑
~Small Businesses
Economic
Right
Social
Traditional